Oxidation

Oxidation

Understanding Oxidative Reactions and Their Consequences

Oxidation serves as a pivotal chemical reaction involving the loss of electrons by a species. Reactions involving oxidation always accompany reducing reactions, wherein another reactant gains electrons. This remarkable process plays fundamental roles both in natural systems and synthetic applications.

Causes of Oxidation

• Removal of electrons by Oxidizing Agents: Oxidation typically occurs in the presence of oxidizing agents which readily accept electrons. These agents lack electrons and search for donors to acquire them. Common oxidizing agents include hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid and oxygen.

• Reduced Potential: Species with lesser electron affinity experience oxidation by readily giving up electrons to others.

Example of Oxidation Reactions
Combustion of Natural Gas:

CH<sub>4 greate + 2O₂ → CO<sub>2 </sub>+ 2 H<sub>2</sub>O



**Rust Formation:** Fe + O₂ → Fe₂O₃ (rust)

Consequences of Oxidation

Oxidation brings about versatile changes in:

• Chemical Changes: Turning of metals like iron, copper and sulfur into oxidised forms, leading to rust and tarnishing

• Physiological and Biochemical Reactions: Metabolism through cellular respiration

• Corrosion: Destruction of steel and other metal structures upon exposure to oxygen

• Pollution and Environmental Contamination: Formation of harmful gaseous pollutants like sulphur dioxide & nitrogen oxides

Significance of Oxidation

Amidst its ability to rust metals and exacerbate pollution; oxidation holds positive significance like:

1) Energy Production: Oxidation has a central place in gasoline engines and fuel cells of generating energy

2) Antioxidants utilization: Oxidation reduction reactions feature prominently in harnessing anti-oxidants which safeguard organs and tissues.

3) Medical Applications: Oxidation plays part in blood clotting and disinfection processes.

FaQs

What is the key difference between oxidation and reduction?

Oxidation involves a loss of electrons, whilst reduction involves gaining electrons

Which is the reactants in an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction?

Oxidation reaction will have an oxidizing agent. The reduction reaction will hold a reducing agent.

How can oxidation harm metals?

Oxidization can enhance the reaction of metals and oxygen called corrosion leading to damage

Give instances of industrial applications of oxidation.
Oxidation allows for storage of energy, fuel optimization and air purification.

What causes rust on metals?**
Rust occurs due to the oxidation of iron products of air – oxygen which forms iron(III).